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Environmental Conservation is the act of taking care of their environment to preserve its natural resources. It is also defined as the scientific study of the relationships between living organisms and their physical environment. It includes studying, protecting, conserving or restoring natural habitats and ecosystems to improve the environmental quality in an area. The main goal of environmental conservation is to maintain healthy ecosystem balance which benefits human beings by providing services like protection against flooding, limiting air pollution, minimizing health risks during disasters etc. This article talks about how different countries implement different approaches towards environmental conservation in this changing world. The term "environmental conservation" is very broad in scope and includes all aspects of management and protection of environment. Being a dynamic process, it involves several facets like sustainable development, restoration of damaged or degraded ecosystems, management and conservation of natural resources such as water reservoirs (streams, lakes etc.), forests (trees), coastal ecosystems (coastal areas), cities (urban greening & maintenance), soil erosion control etc. with the intention to protect and enhance the quality of earth's natural environment in order to sustain human life and activities on earth with maximum quality. The most common tool used by environmental conservationists is science; they study various ecosystems present on earth by conducting research on them. They observe, analyze, conduct experiments on them and try to find out how they function. Environmental conservation is mostly implemented in the developing world with the help of developed countries in order to make their economies self-sufficient by employing them in different activities of environmental conservation. For example, China recycles waste material from developed European countries under different international agreements which helps it in reducing environmental pollution in its country. There are various approaches adopted by countries for implementing environmental conservation programs that best suits their respective geographical, cultural and social conditions. The following are few examples of effective methods being used by countries around the world for environmental conservation along with brief description of each method with its advantages and limitations. Sustainable development is a broad term and can be defined as meeting the needs of present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It is a process by which we aim to meet human needs while at the same time maintaining ecosystem functions. For example, if we are aiming to build a dam, it should have enough storage capacity for providing water for us in coming times but should also have minimum environmental impacts so that fish inside the dam are not affected by it. The key components of sustainable development are inter-generational equity, environmental quality and economic prosperity. The central principle behind this approach is that current generation cannot take full advantage of its resources to meet its requirements while not considering future generations also. It aims at achieving sustainable development by using least cost techniques that can maintain or enhance environmental quality. It also provides maximum value to natural resources for future generations. The disadvantage of this approach is that it is time consuming and disruptive to the existing process, which usually leads to either low productivity or inefficient management. Some other benefits of this approach are that instead of destroying nature, it tries to maintain nature as a constant factor in decision making processes thereby leading to maintaining financial surplus rather than spending on unnecessary items. Also, it approaches the problem from the perspective of human existence rather than treating nature as an object which can be easily changed or destroyed. cfa1e77820
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